This allows us to retrieve the index (timing) of only values when that represent spikes (recall we defined spike_value as 1). To the end of this is added a conditional, if x = spike_value. In this case, they are x, which is one value in spike_train, and i, the enumeration variable that stores the current position in the list (iteration through the loop). The enumerate() function enumerates (counts) the items as it goes through a loop, so each time through the loop we have two variables being tracked. It’s a useful and compact way to iterate over some set of items to get them into a list. Take some time to break this down and understand it - there’s a lot going on! Recall that list comprehension is used to create a for loop in a single line, and return a list. This is a slightly more complicated list comprehension than we’ve seen in the past. Each value represents an evenly-spaced point in time (e.g., every 1 ms), where 0 encodes time points at which no action potential was detected, and 1 represents times when action potentials occurred: We can store the data from each trial in a list, spike_train. Data was sampled from the electrode every millisecond. On each trial, recording was started and then the 550 nm light was turned on 4 ms later, for a duration of 10 ms. When light of that wavelength is directed at the neuron, it tends to fire.įor this hypothetical experiment, we used an electrode to record action potentials from this optogenetically-engineered neuron to confirm that it tends to fire in response to 550 nm light. Imagine an experiment involving a neuron that was genetically engineered for optogenetics, meaning that it expresses genes sensitive to a specific wavelength of light (550 nm, which is green to learn more about optogenetics, check out this video by Prof. # Import libraries we'll need import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np Our first spike train # Reading and Visualizing Structural MRI Data Working with Multielectrode Data in pandasĪveraging ERPs: Creating MNE Evoked objects Procedural versus Object-Oriented Plotting in MatplotlibĪccessibility and Human Factors in Plotting What do you think of Spike the beetle and his art? Let us know using the comments section below.Introduction to Jupyter Notebooks in CoCalc mUrJeh3UVJ- Spike the Beetle July 8, 2017 Other than artwork, Mandy is also selling 'I like Spike' buttons and thank you notes.Īrt auctions are pricey, so here's something for everyone!Ī limited set of 35 pins, with thank-you note from Spike. bNtgHsV235- Spike the Beetle July 6, 2017ġ5% of the proceeds from the sale of the artwork will go towards People's Trust for Endangered Species (PTES), who helps in the conservation of stag beetles' natural habitat. Spike's first work is now available on eBay!ġ5% goes to stag conservation. Mandy is now auctioning Spike's artwork on eBay, where his first illustration has already received over 69 bids, the maximum one being of $316. r0YWpMhvtV- Spike the Beetle July 8, 2017 Working on a few of those thank you notes. Mandy shares pictures and videos of Spike drawing, eating and generally living the good beetle life on his Twitter account, which has over 45,000 followers. Good luck! /6v0CpdJVQP- Spike the Beetle July 4, 2017Īccording to Mandy, stag beetles are popular as pets for kids in Japan. IIhOVI0POE- Spike the Beetle July 6, 2017 Some posts have had to be moved around, so here again: Spike's very first piece ever. After a video of 6-months-old Spike wandering around on a piece of paper with a marker clasped in his mandibles went viral on Mandy's Twitter on July 3, she created a separate account for Spike. According to the Daily Mail, Spike's owner, Mandy, discovered his talent quite by accident. You may think you've seen every weird thing, every unusual animal there is, but have you seen a beetle that loves to draw? A stag beetle in Japan named Spike is currently winning hearts on social media with videos that show him holding a pen and 'drawing' on paper - and his artwork is making big bucks on the Internet.
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